The Earth RecordTuesday, 20 October 2026 (UTC)

← Back to the summary for 20 Oct

The detail behind the day

Tropical Cyclone CHAMPI-26 is a major storm.

Earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or more

24earthquakes on the day

Strongest first. Magnitude is a log scale: each whole step is about 32 times more energy. Depth is how far below the surface the quake began; shallow ones shake the ground harder.

Time (UTC)MagnitudeDepthWhereCountry
04:206.610 kmnear Port-Olry, VanuatuVanuatu
04:206.316 kmnear Port-Olry, VanuatuVanuatu
17:055.410 kmnear Burica, PanamaPanama
06:295.210 kmnear Port-Olry, VanuatuVanuatu
18:075.110 kmnear Mosteiros, PortugalPortugal
06:415.110 kmnear Yanglong, ChinaChina
16:295.076 kmnear Meulaboh, IndonesiaIndonesia
10:405.035 kmnear Sand Point, AlaskaUnited States
02:545.0129 kmPagan region, Northern Mariana IslandsNorthern Mariana Islands
00:385.010 kmnear Port-Olry, VanuatuVanuatu
23:244.9530 kmsouth of the Fiji IslandsOpen ocean
20:034.910 kmnear Port-Olry, VanuatuVanuatu
11:404.910 kmnear Port-Olry, VanuatuVanuatu
08:394.910 kmnear Port-Olry, VanuatuVanuatu
07:094.9250 kmPagan region, Northern Mariana IslandsNorthern Mariana Islands
16:294.8110 kmsouth of the Fiji IslandsOpen ocean
19:534.729 kmKuril IslandsOpen ocean
23:164.666 kmnear Barishal, PakistanPakistan
06:044.610 kmnear San Julian, PhilippinesPhilippines
17:184.510 kmnear Burica, PanamaPanama
14:204.557 kmnear Kokopo, Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea
13:274.510 kmnear Abepura, IndonesiaIndonesia
08:584.5417 kmnear Alo, Wallis and FutunaWallis & Futuna
00:564.510 kmnear Kuqa, ChinaChina

Where most of them struck

Vanuatu
7 · largest 6.6
Panama
2 · largest 5.4
China
2 · largest 5.1
Indonesia
2 · largest 5.0
Northern Mariana Islands
2 · largest 5.0
Portugal
1 · largest 5.1
United States
1 · largest 5.0
Philippines
1 · largest 4.6
Pakistan
1 · largest 4.6
Papua New Guinea
1 · largest 4.5

3 more happened out at sea, away from any country’s borders.

Counting smaller ones too, 57 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more were logged worldwide. How many small quakes are recorded depends on how many seismometers are nearby, so this number is not compared with other years.

Source: USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Magnitudes and places can be revised by USGS for weeks after an event.

Tropical storms and cyclones

AlertStormReported intensity
RedTropical Cyclone CHAMPI-26 (Philippines, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Japan) GDACS reportHurricane/Typhoon > 74 mph (maximum wind speed of 296 km/h)
NASA trackerHurricane Trudy30 kts
NASA trackerTropical Cyclone Wati45 kts

The alert colour reflects the likely effect on people, not just wind speed. Red is the highest; green is a storm with little expected impact.

Sources: Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS) and NASA EONET.

Volcanoes

32 more volcanoes on NASA’s activity tracker
AlertVolcano
NASA trackerAira Volcano, Japan
NASA trackerAmbae Volcano, Vanuatu
NASA trackerBezymianny Volcano, Russia
NASA trackerDukono Volcano, Indonesia
NASA trackerFuego Volcano, Guatemala
NASA trackerIbu Volcano, Indonesia
NASA trackerIvao Group Volcano, Russia
NASA trackerKanlaon Volcano, Philippines
NASA trackerKikai Volcano, Japan
NASA trackerKilauea Volcano, Hawaii
NASA trackerKrasheninnikov Volcano, Russia
NASA trackerLangila Volcano, Papua New Guinea
NASA trackerLewotobi Volcano, Indonesia
NASA trackerLewotolok Volcano, Indonesia
NASA trackerMarapi Volcano, Indonesia
NASA trackerMasaya Volcano, Nicaragua
NASA trackerMayon Volcano, Philippines
NASA trackerMerapi Volcano, Indonesia
NASA trackerNevados del Chillan Volcano, Chile
NASA trackerPopocatepetl Volcano, Mexico
NASA trackerPuracé Volcano, Colombia
NASA trackerReventador Volcano, Ecuador
NASA trackerRincon de la Vieja Volcano, Costa Rica
NASA trackerSabancaya Volcano, Peru
NASA trackerSangay Volcano, Ecuador
NASA trackerSanta Maria Volcano, Guatemala
NASA trackerSemeru Volcano, Indonesia
NASA trackerSheveluch Volcano, Russia
NASA trackerStromboli Volcano, Italy
NASA trackerSuwanosejima Volcano, Japan
NASA trackerTelica Volcano, Nicaragua
NASA trackerTitan Ridge Volcano, Papua New Guinea

Colour codes are the aviation scale: green is normal, yellow an advisory, orange a watch, red a warning. USGS rates US volcanoes only; the others come from NASA’s tracker of volcanoes with recent activity reports.

Sources: USGS Volcano Hazards Program, NASA EONET and USGS earthquakes for Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius.

Space weather

Kind of eventHighest level reached
Geomagnetic stormNone
Radio blackoutNone
Solar radiation stormNone

The planetary Kp index reached 3.0 on this day; 5 or more is a geomagnetic storm.

Highest Kp each day: 15 Oct 3.0 · 16 Oct 3.7 · 17 Oct 3.0 · 18 Oct 2.3 · 19 Oct 1.0 · 20 Oct 3.0

Source: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center.

Climate readings

MeasureLatest valueReading dateHow it comparesSource
Pacific sea temperature (Niño 3.4)+3.3 °C against normalWeek to 14 Oct1st highest weekly reading since 1981NOAA CPC
Arctic sea ice extent6.7 million km²17 Oct21% below the 1981–2010 average; 11th lowest of 44 years for the dateNSIDC
Antarctic sea ice extent16.2 million km²17 Oct11% below the 1981–2010 average; 2nd lowest of 44 years for the dateNSIDC
Carbon dioxide, Mauna Loa426.7 ppm20 Oct1.7 ppm higher than a year earlierNOAA GML
Antarctic ozone hole24.0 million km²20 Oct3rd largest for the date since 1979; thinnest part 116 Dobson unitsNASA

These move slowly, so the latest reading may be a few days old. The summary page draws each one as a chart.