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Oceans & climate · The ENSO record

El Niño, La Niña & the Pacific

The Pacific moves between warmer, cooler and neutral states. Here is what has been observed, what NOAA is forecasting, and how the two differ.

Captured for the journal

30 September 2026

Captured 00:07 UTC. Each product retains its own observation or issue date. This is a saved daily record, not a live warning service.

Official NOAA advisory · 2026-09-10

El Niño Advisory

El Niño is strengthening, with a greater than 90% chance of a very strong event during the Northern Hemisphere fall and winter 2026-27.

NOAA synopsis. Next scheduled discussion: 8 October 2026. Read the issuing authority ↗

Latest captured RONI · observed

+1.36°C

JJA 2026 · overlapping three-month mean

RONI measures Niño 3.4 relative to the wider tropical ocean, with an adjustment for variability. It is not today’s temperature and is not interchangeable with traditional ONI.

Across the equatorial Pacific

Ocean map. Download the dated data below for numerical observations.
Loading map…2026-09-28 observation

Tap the map to inspect the nearest sampled ocean point.

Inspect a coordinate without the map
NOAA OISST v2.1 preliminary · anomalies relative to 1971–2000. Sampled every 2° from the 0.25° source grid; colours show a broad overview, not detailed coastal conditions. Dark cells are unsampled or missing, not zero. The white box marks Niño 3.4 (5°N–5°S, 170°W–120°W). Download this capture

The observed cycle

RONI · last 120 captured seasons · °C

-2-1-0.50+0.5+1+2JAS 2016: -0.81°CASO 2016: -0.88°CSON 2016: -0.96°COND 2016: -0.96°CNDJ 2016: -0.89°CDJF 2017: -0.60°CJFM 2017: -0.44°CFMA 2017: -0.18°CMAM 2017: -0.10°CAMJ 2017: -0.02°CMJJ 2017: -0.04°CJJA 2017: -0.23°CJAS 2017: -0.46°CASO 2017: -0.62°CSON 2017: -0.82°COND 2017: -0.97°CNDJ 2017: -1.14°CDJF 2018: -1.08°CJFM 2018: -1.04°CFMA 2018: -0.90°CMAM 2018: -0.69°CAMJ 2018: -0.33°CMJJ 2018: -0.02°CJJA 2018: +0.08°CJAS 2018: +0.16°CASO 2018: +0.35°CSON 2018: +0.62°COND 2018: +0.82°CNDJ 2018: +0.78°CDJF 2019: +0.68°CJFM 2019: +0.64°CFMA 2019: +0.57°CMAM 2019: +0.53°CAMJ 2019: +0.37°CMJJ 2019: +0.24°CJJA 2019: +0.04°CJAS 2019: -0.12°CASO 2019: -0.01°CSON 2019: +0.15°COND 2019: +0.29°CNDJ 2019: +0.22°CDJF 2020: +0.14°CJFM 2020: +0.10°CFMA 2020: +0.02°CMAM 2020: -0.25°CAMJ 2020: -0.55°CMJJ 2020: -0.72°CJJA 2020: -0.76°CJAS 2020: -0.85°CASO 2020: -1.16°CSON 2020: -1.37°COND 2020: -1.46°CNDJ 2020: -1.39°CDJF 2021: -1.32°CJFM 2021: -1.18°CFMA 2021: -1.08°CMAM 2021: -0.89°CAMJ 2021: -0.68°CMJJ 2021: -0.57°CJJA 2021: -0.60°CJAS 2021: -0.76°CASO 2021: -0.95°CSON 2021: -1.08°COND 2021: -1.24°CNDJ 2021: -1.22°CDJF 2022: -1.18°CJFM 2022: -1.13°CFMA 2022: -1.19°CMAM 2022: -1.26°CAMJ 2022: -1.17°CMJJ 2022: -0.95°CJJA 2022: -0.86°CJAS 2022: -0.94°CASO 2022: -1.07°CSON 2022: -1.10°COND 2022: -1.05°CNDJ 2022: -0.99°CDJF 2023: -0.86°CJFM 2023: -0.68°CFMA 2023: -0.55°CMAM 2023: -0.31°CAMJ 2023: -0.04°CMJJ 2023: +0.28°CJJA 2023: +0.54°CJAS 2023: +0.79°CASO 2023: +1.04°CSON 2023: +1.30°COND 2023: +1.42°CNDJ 2023: +1.40°CDJF 2024: +1.13°CJFM 2024: +0.78°CFMA 2024: +0.42°CMAM 2024: +0.04°CAMJ 2024: -0.28°CMJJ 2024: -0.45°CJJA 2024: -0.49°CJAS 2024: -0.56°CASO 2024: -0.67°CSON 2024: -0.76°COND 2024: -0.88°CNDJ 2024: -1.05°CDJF 2025: -1.10°CJFM 2025: -0.85°CFMA 2025: -0.66°CMAM 2025: -0.50°CAMJ 2025: -0.48°CMJJ 2025: -0.36°CJJA 2025: -0.41°CJAS 2025: -0.59°CASO 2025: -0.78°CSON 2025: -0.93°COND 2025: -0.98°CNDJ 2025: -1.04°CDJF 2026: -0.91°CJFM 2026: -0.76°CFMA 2026: -0.44°CMAM 2026: -0.04°CAMJ 2026: +0.49°CMJJ 2026: +0.97°CJJA 2026: +1.36°CJAS 2016JJA 2026

Dashed lines mark ±0.5°C. Sustained ocean anomalies and atmospheric evidence matter; crossing a line does not by itself establish an official event. Recent RONI estimates may be revised. Baseline: 1991–2020.

Recent observed values

JAS 2025: -0.59°C

ASO 2025: -0.78°C

SON 2025: -0.93°C

OND 2025: -0.98°C

NDJ 2025: -1.04°C

DJF 2026: -0.91°C

JFM 2026: -0.76°C

FMA 2026: -0.44°C

MAM 2026: -0.04°C

AMJ 2026: +0.49°C

MJJ 2026: +0.97°C

JJA 2026: +1.36°C

What NOAA forecasts

Official phase probabilities · issued September 2026. These overlapping three-month seasons are forecasts, not observations. Percentages are rounded by the source; 100% is not a guarantee of local impacts.

La NiñaNeutralEl Niño
ASO0% / 0% / 100%
SON0% / 0% / 100%
OND0% / 0% / 100%
NDJ0% / 0% / 100%
DJF0% / 0% / 100%
JFM0% / 0% / 100%
FMA0% / 3% / 97%
MAM0% / 18% / 82%
AMJ2% / 55% / 43%
Official forecast and season definitions ↗

Sources in this capture

NOAA CPC · roni ↗

Captured · 2026-09-30 00:07 UTC

NOAA CPC · advisory ↗

Captured · 2026-09-30 00:07 UTC

NOAA CPC · outlook ↗

Captured · 2026-09-30 00:07 UTC

NOAA OISST / CoastWatch ↗

Captured · 2026-09-30 00:07 UTC